What are the major features of the Indian polity
Discuss the key features of the political system in India, including its democratic structure, separation of powers, and the role of various political institutions.
The Indian polity exhibits several major features that define its political system:
- Democratic Structure: India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic, where power is vested in the hands of the elected representatives. The country follows a multi-party system with regular elections at various levels.
- Separation of Powers: India follows the doctrine of separation of powers, where power is divided among the three branches of government - the Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary. This ensures a system of checks and balances and prevents any one authority from becoming too powerful.
- Political Institutions: Key institutions in India's political system include the President, Prime Minister, Parliament, and the Supreme Court. The President, being the head of state, has ceremonial functions, while the Prime Minister holds executive powers. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People), and is responsible for enacting legislation. The Supreme Court serves as the highest judicial authority, ensuring the rule of law.
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