How does the Indian polity ensure the principles of democracy and governance
The Indian polity is built upon the principles of democracy and governance. Examine how the Indian polity ensures the principles of democracy and governance.
The Indian polity ensures the principles of democracy and governance through various mechanisms:
- Constitutional framework: The Indian Constitution lays down the fundamental principles and values of democracy, such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and protection of individual rights and freedoms. It provides a framework for the functioning of democratic institutions and mechanisms.
- Elections and universal suffrage: Regular elections are conducted at various levels of government, ensuring the participation of all adult citizens in the electoral process. Universal suffrage ensures that every citizen has the right to vote, irrespective of caste, religion, or gender.
- Independent judiciary: The Indian judiciary acts as a guardian of the Constitution and ensures that all actions of the government and its institutions remain within the constitutional framework. It protects individual rights, resolves disputes, and maintains the integrity of the governance process.
- Separation of powers: The Indian polity adheres to the principle of separation of powers, where the legislature, executive, and judiciary have distinct roles and functions. This helps maintain a system of checks and balances, preventing the concentration of power in any one branch of government.
- Free press and media: India has a vibrant and independent press and media, which play a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and public participation in the governance process. They act as watchdogs, providing information, analysis, and criticism to keep the government and its institutions in check.
- Federal structure: The Indian polity follows a federal structure, where power is divided between the central government and the states. This ensures decentralized governance and allows for the participation of various regions and communities in decision-making processes.
- Fundamental rights and equality: The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and protection against discrimination. These rights form the bedrock of democracy and are protected by the judiciary.
- Accountability and transparency: The Indian polity emphasizes accountability and transparency in governance. Institutions like the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) oversee the functioning of government agencies, ensuring financial probity and ethical conduct.
- Political parties and civil society: Political
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