India is currently facing numerous environmental challenges that pose significant threats to the nation's sustainability. Some of these challenges include:

• Climate Change: India is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to its geographic location and high population density. The changing climate is causing more frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events.
• Pollution: Air, water, and soil pollution are major environmental challenges India faces. Air pollution in India is mainly caused by burning fossil fuels and industrial emissions. Water pollution stems from reduced water quality, exceeding limits of biological oxygen demand, and suspended solids, with toxic pollutants making their way to groundwater as well as surface water.
• Habitat Loss: India has seen widespread habitat destruction and fragmentation, which has resulted in loss of biodiversity and wildlife populations, particularly of endangered species.
• Deforestation and Soil Erosion: Deforestation and soil erosion are also significant environmental challenges. Deforestation exacerbates climate change while soil erosion results in food insecurity, landslides, and floods.
• Waste Management: Poor waste management is a major concern in India. Improper disposal of waste contributes to pollution, health hazards, and environmental degradation.

Collectively, these environmental challenges represent a serious threat to India's present and future sustainability.