India is currently facing numerous environmental challenges, which require immediate attention. The major environmental issues and challenges that India is facing are:

• Air pollution: India has some of the most polluted cities in the world. Air pollution causes respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and other health problems. The use of polluting fuels such as coal and diesel vehicles is the main reason for air pollution.
• Water pollution: The lack of wastewater treatment plants and inadequate disposal of waste has led to pollution of rivers, lakes, and groundwater in India.
• Climate change: India is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Changing rainfall patterns, rising temperatures are causing water scarcity.
• Deforestation: Deforestation in India is a significant problem as it leads to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. Forest areas are being cleared for urbanisation and commercial activities
• Waste disposal: The country produces over a million tons of waste per day, which is rarely disposed of correctly. Most of it is either burnt, buried, or dumped into rivers and oceans creating pollution

To overcome these environmental challenges, the following measures can be taken:

• Promote eco-friendly and sustainable industrial activities
• Encourage the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce the dependence on polluting fuels
• Establish effective wastewater treatment plants and waste management facilities
• Create awareness and promote responsible behaviour among the public regarding waste disposal and energy conservation
• Develop and implement policies that reduce deforestation and support reforestation
• Invest in research & development efforts to develop clean technology that can further reduce the pollution.

These measures, along with public participation and government initiatives, can help overcome environmental challenges and promote sustainable development that would benefit both the environment and the society as a whole.