Climate change refers to long-term alterations in the Earth's climate patterns, primarily caused by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions. These activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to global warming and various adverse effects. To mitigate the impact of climate change, India can take the following measures: 1. Renewable energy adoption: Increasing the share of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. 2. Afforestation and reforestation: Expanding forest cover can help absorb carbon dioxide and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 3. Sustainable agriculture: Promoting organic farming, water conservation, and efficient use of fertilizers to reduce emissions and improve resilience. 4. Energy efficiency: Implementing energy-efficient practices in industries, buildings, and transportation to reduce carbon emissions. 5. Climate-resilient infrastructure: Building infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events caused by climate change. The impact of climate change on India includes: 1. Changing weather patterns: Increased frequency of extreme weather events like droughts, floods, and cyclones. 2. Rising temperatures: Heatwaves leading to adverse health effects, reduced agricultural productivity, and melting of Himalayan glaciers. 3. Changing rainfall patterns: Altered monsoon patterns affecting agriculture, water availability, and livelihoods of millions. 4. Sea-level rise: Coastal areas at risk of flooding, loss of land, and displacement of communities. The Indian government has taken several measures to tackle climate change, such as: 1. Ratifying the Paris Agreement and committing to reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33-35% by 2030. 2. Launching the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) to promote sustainable development and adaptation measures. 3. Implementing renewable energy programs like the National Solar Mission and Wind Energy Mission. 4. Launching the Green India Mission to increase forest cover and reduce deforestation. 5. Promoting energy efficiency through programs like Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) in industries. These actions aim to mitigate climate change, enhance resilience, and protect vulnerable communities and ecosystems in India.