What are the major features of the Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution is known for its unique features and principles. Describe the salient features of the Indian Constitution, such as federalism, fundamental rights, and separation of powers, and analyze their significance in ensuring a democratic and constitutional governance in India.
The Indian Constitution incorporates several major features that contribute to its significance in ensuring democratic and constitutional governance:
- Federalism: The Constitution establishes a federal system of government, with powers divided between the central and state governments. This allows for a distribution of authority and reduces the concentration of power in one central entity.
- Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, such as freedom of speech, equality before law, and protection from discrimination. These rights ensure individual freedoms and protect citizens from any form of social, political, or economic oppression.
- Separation of Powers: The Constitution enshrines the principle of separation of powers by dividing government authority into three branches: the legislature, executive, and judiciary. This separation promotes checks and balances, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful and ensuring the accountability of each branch.
- Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution includes directive principles, which are guidelines for the state to pursue policies that promote the welfare and social justice of the citizens. These principles emphasize the equitable distribution of resources and the upliftment of marginalized sections of society.
- Amendment Procedure: The Constitution outlines a detailed procedure for its own amendment, which requires a special majority in both houses of Parliament. This ensures that any changes to the Constitution are made through a deliberative and democratic process.
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