The key challenges facing environmental sustainability in India are enormous. The current state of environmental sustainability in India is a matter of grave concern. The following are the specific challenges that need to be addressed:

• Environmental Degradation: India's massive population is putting enormous pressure on natural resources, leading to environmental degradation.
• Air Pollution: India is home to some of the world's most polluted cities, with severe levels of air pollution.
• Water Scarcity: Climate change, human activities and pollution have led to water scarcity and water pollution is increasing, affecting the health of millions of people.
• Land Degradation: The growing population and unsustainable use of resources have led to severe land degradation in many parts of the country.

To address these challenges and promote environmental sustainability, the Indian government can take the following measures:

• The introduction of strict environmental laws and regulations and their effective implementation and monitoring to reduce air and water pollution, land degradation and other related environmental issues.
• The promotion of sustainable infrastructure, including water management and waste management systems, and the use of renewable energy sources can be encouraged and promoted.
• The promotion of environment-friendly practices among industries and society as a whole through awareness campaigns can have a significant impact on environmental sustainability.
• Efforts should be made to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as adopting sustainable agriculture practices, to combat the environmental challenges faced by the country.