There are several challenges that the Indian government faces in ensuring environmental sustainability, including:

• Population growth and urbanization lead to increased stress on natural resources such as water, land, and forests.
• Increasing industrialization and economic development also contribute to environmental degradation.
• Poor waste management practices, particularly in urban and industrial areas, lead to pollution of water bodies and soil.
• Climate change and its impacts are another pressing concern for the government.
• Deforestation, often driven by industrial activities, leads to loss of biodiversity and the depletion of valuable habitats.
• Inefficient use of energy sources and the reliance on fossil fuels contribute to the overall environmental burden.
• Laws and regulations related to environmental protection are not always implemented effectively.

These challenges require long-term, multi-faceted solutions that take into account the needs of communities, industry, and the environment. The government needs to promote sustainable development practices, enforce environmental regulations effectively, promote renewable energy sources, and improve waste management infrastructures. Collaboration between government, industry, and civil society is also essential for ensuring environmental sustainability.