Why is it difficult for governments to define ecologically sensitive regions like the Aravallis, and what are the consequences?

Defining ecologically sensitive regions like the Aravallis is a complex task for governments due to various ecological, administrative, and socio-economic factors. The Aravalli range, which stretches across several states in north-western India, is crucial for environmental sustainability but has faced challenges in precise demarcation and protection.

Reasons for Difficulty in Defining Ecologically Sensitive Regions:
• Diverse Geography: The Aravallis cover a vast area with varied landscapes, including forests, hills, scrublands, and agricultural fields, making it hard to set clear boundaries.
• Lack of Updated Data: There is often insufficient or outdated satellite data and ground surveys, leading to disputes over which areas should be included as sensitive zones.
• Multiple Jurisdictions: The range spans several states (Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Delhi), each with its own land records and administrative priorities, complicating coordination.
• Human Settlements: Many villages, towns, and farmlands exist within or near the Aravallis, creating conflicts between conservation efforts and local livelihoods.
• Pressure from Real Estate and Mining: Economic interests in mining and urban development lobby against stricter definitions, fearing loss of business opportunities.
• Legal Ambiguities: Overlapping laws and lack of clear legal definitions (e.g., what constitutes a 'forest' or 'hill') result in confusion and litigation.

Consequences of Not Defining Ecologically Sensitive Regions Clearly:
• Environmental Degradation: Unclear boundaries allow illegal mining, deforestation, and encroachment, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecological services.
• Policy Implementation Issues: Ambiguity hampers enforcement of environmental regulations and conservation projects.
• Judicial Delays: Courts often face difficulty in adjudicating cases related to land use and forest protection due to lack of precise definitions.
• Loss of Water Resources: The Aravallis play a key role in groundwater recharge. Degradation impacts water security for nearby regions.
• Impact on Local Communities: Uncertainty affects the rights and livelihoods of people living in and around these areas, leading to social tensions.
• Weakening of Governance: Administrative confusion and overlapping authority reduce accountability and effectiveness in environmental management.