To make the Indian civil services more efficient and effective, the government can take the following steps: 1. Strengthen recruitment procedures: Introduce stringent selection criteria, including comprehensive exams and interviews, to ensure the selection of highly competent individuals. 2. Training and capacity building: Provide extensive training programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of civil servants, focusing on areas such as leadership, decision-making, and specialized subjects. 3. Performance-based promotions: Implement a performance evaluation system that rewards merit and effectiveness, linking promotions to demonstrated achievements and outcomes. 4. Streamline bureaucracy: Simplify administrative procedures, reduce red tape, and promote digitalization to enhance efficiency and reduce corruption. 5. Enhance accountability: Establish transparent mechanisms for evaluating and monitoring civil servants' performance and introduce robust disciplinary procedures for misconduct or underperformance. 6. Attract and retain talent: Offer competitive salaries, benefits, and career advancement opportunities to attract and retain skilled professionals. 7. Promote innovation and collaboration: Encourage cross-departmental collaboration, foster an environment of innovation, and embrace technology to enhance service delivery. 8. Public participation and feedback: Involve citizens in decision-making processes and seek public feedback to ensure responsiveness and efficiency in public service delivery. 9. Continuous learning: Encourage civil servants to engage in lifelong learning through professional development programs and participation in seminars and workshops. By implementing these measures, the government can address the challenges faced by the Indian civil services and transform it into a more efficient and effective institution.