India is one of the countries most affected by the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, and natural disasters. Some measures that the government can take to address climate change include:

• Investing in renewable energy: India has set a target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022, and the government can continue to support the growth of solar and wind power.
• Improving energy efficiency: This includes measures such as upgrading buildings to be more energy-efficient and encouraging more fuel-efficient vehicles.
• Reducing emissions from agriculture: India's agriculture sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, and the government can work with farmers to adopt more sustainable practices.
• Protecting forests and other natural ecosystems: This helps store carbon and mitigate the effects of climate change.

Some major challenges posed by climate change in India include:

• Increased heat waves and droughts, which can negatively impact agriculture, public health, and overall economic development
• More intense rainfall and flooding, leading to property damage and loss of life
• Rising sea levels, which can cause displacement of people living in coastal areas and loss of infrastructure

To effectively address these challenges, the government can also focus on:

• Creating and enforcing policies to reduce emissions from industries
• Investing in better infrastructure for water management and flood control
• Undertaking more research to better understand the impacts of climate change and how best to adapt to them.