The PM's initiative to clean up the Ganga has faced various challenges. Some of the major ones are: 1. Lack of proper sewage treatment facilities and infrastructure. 2. Industrial pollution and flow of untreated effluents into the river. 3. Encroachments and illegal constructions along the riverbanks. 4. Lack of awareness and community participation in the cleaning process. The Indian government has taken various steps to address these issues such as: 1. Launching the Namami Gange program to integrate various efforts for cleaning the river. 2. Setting up sewage treatment plants and improving sewage infrastructure. 3. Monitoring and regulating industries discharging waste into the river. 4. Demolishing illegal constructions and removing encroachments. 5. Creating awareness and involving local communities in the cleaning process. However, there is still a long way to go, and the government can take some additional measures such as: 1. Focusing on technological solutions to deal with pollution. 2. Strictly enforcing pollution norms and penalizing violators. 3. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern technology to rejuvenate the river. 4. Exploring public-private partnerships to support the cleaning process. 5. Strengthening community initiatives and involving NGOs and local civic bodies.