Some of the major challenges faced by the Indian civil aviation industry in terms of fleet management are:

• Financing: Airlines are unable to secure adequate financing for the procurement of new aircraft due to high interest rates and strict collateral requirements by banks.
• Operational Costs: The cost of fuel, maintenance, and labor remains high, which results in high operational costs for airlines.
• Regulatory Challenges: India's complex regulatory environment and a lack of a clear policy framework for the aviation industry pose significant challenges for fleet management.
• Infrastructure: The lack of adequate airports and runway capacity, coupled with poor air traffic management systems, affects fleet management and results in delays.

To tackle these challenges, the Indian government has taken several measures, including:

• Financial Assistance: The government has introduced several financing schemes, such as the National Civil Aviation Policy, to support financially-strapped airlines.
• Lowering the Cost of Operations: The government has ensured that fuel and maintenance costs remain stable to help airlines with their operational costs.
• Clearing Policy Framework: The government has introduced a clear policy framework for the aviation industry, with reforms to ease foreign investment norms, which will encourage foreign inflows and ensure an improved regulatory environment for air transport services.
• Infrastructure Development: The government is focusing on upgrading airport infrastructure and air traffic management systems, which will also improve fleet management capabilities.

Overall, these measures are expected to reduce the challenges faced by the Indian civil aviation industry and enable it to operate more efficiently and enhance the fleet management capabilities of the industry.