Major challenges faced by India in the field of environment include: 1. Air pollution: Rapid industrialization and growing vehicular emissions have contributed to severe air pollution in many Indian cities. To address this, strict emission standards must be enforced, and investments in renewable energy sources and public transportation should be prioritized. 2. Water scarcity: Increasing population and overexploitation of water resources have resulted in water scarcity in many parts of the country. Measures such as promoting rainwater harvesting techniques, efficient water management practices, and rejuvenation of water bodies can help tackle this challenge. 3. Deforestation: Uncontrolled deforestation, particularly for urban expansion and industrial activities, poses a threat to India's rich biodiversity. Stricter regulations on deforestation, afforestation drives, and sustainable forest management can help conserve forests. 4. Waste management: Improper waste disposal and lack of recycling facilities contribute to the pollution of land and water. Implementing effective waste management systems, promoting recycling, and encouraging responsible consumption and production can help address this challenge. 5. Climate change: India is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels and extreme weather events. To combat these challenges, there is a need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through promoting renewable energy, increasing energy efficiency, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices. 6. Wildlife conservation: India is home to rich biodiversity, but habitat loss and wildlife trafficking pose a threat to many species. Strengthening conservation efforts, establishing protected areas, and raising awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation can help address this challenge. To address these challenges effectively, it is crucial for the government, industries, and citizens to work collaboratively towards sustainable development and adopt environmentally friendly practices.