India's federal structure of governance is unique and complex in many ways. Here are some key features of India's federal system:

• Constitutional division of powers: The Constitution clearly defines the powers and responsibilities of the central government and the state governments, and provides for cooperation between them.
• Federalism with a strong center: While India is a federal state, the central government has been given a significant role in maintaining national unity and security. This is reflected in the distribution of powers between the center and the states.
• Dual polity: India's federal system involves two layers of government – the central government and the state governments. Both have their own elected bodies, administrative machinery, and jurisdiction.
• Bicameralism: India's Parliament has two houses – the Lok Sabha (lower house) representing the people, and the Rajya Sabha (upper house) representing the states. This ensures that the interests of both the people and the states are represented in the decision-making process.
• Independent Judiciary: India's judiciary is independent and has the power of judicial review. This ensures that the Constitution is upheld and the powers of the central and state governments are not exceeded.

India's federal system functions in the context of its diverse society and polity by balancing the needs and aspirations of different regions and communities. The central government provides assistance to the states in areas such as education, health, and infrastructure, while the states are free to formulate policies that suit their specific needs and priorities. The federal system allows for different regions to have their own voice and representation in the decision-making process, ensuring that India's diversity is reflected in its governance.