Some of the key environmental challenges faced by India include air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Here are some measures that the government can take to mitigate these problems:

• Air Pollution - The government can introduce more strict regulations on industries and vehicles, promote the use of renewable energy sources, and encourage people to switch to clean transportation methods like cycling or public transportation.
• Water Pollution - The government can enforce stricter regulations on industries that dispose of waste into water bodies, improve waste management systems, and promote the use of natural and eco-friendly products.
• Deforestation - The government can promote afforestation and reforestation, encourage sustainable forestry practices, and strictly enforce laws against illegal logging and encroachment on forest land.
• Biodiversity Loss - The government can establish more protected areas for endangered species, promote sustainable land use practices, and enforce stricter laws against poaching and illegal wildlife trade.

Overall, the government can take a multi-faceted approach involving policy changes, education and awareness campaigns, and strict enforcement of laws and regulations to mitigate these environmental challenges.