The key challenges in implementing new criminal laws at the grassroots level are as follows:

• Lack of awareness: Many people at the grassroots level may not be aware of the new criminal laws, their rights, or the consequences of their actions.
• Poor infrastructure: Limited accessibility to legal institutions, lack of proper training for law enforcement officials, and inadequate facilities can hinder effective implementation.
• Traditional norms and practices: In some cases, traditional norms and practices may contradict or overshadow the new criminal laws, making it challenging to enforce them.
• Corruption and lack of accountability: Corruption within the local law enforcement agencies can hinder the implementation of new criminal laws, making it difficult to ensure justice.
• Limited resources: Insufficient funding, staffing, and resources can hinder the proper enforcement of new criminal laws, leading to delays and backlog of cases.

To address these challenges, measures such as:

• Public awareness campaigns: Conducting campaigns and workshops to educate people at the grassroots level about their rights and the new criminal laws can enhance awareness and ensure compliance.
• Improving infrastructure: Investing in the development of proper infrastructure, including legal institutions and training facilities, can improve the implementation of new criminal laws.
• Community engagement: Involving local communities in decision-making processes and encouraging dialogue can help bridge the gap between traditional norms and the new criminal laws.
• Strengthening accountability: Implementing anti-corruption measures, establishing independent oversight bodies, and ensuring transparency and accountability within the criminal justice system can address corruption-related challenges.
• Allocating adequate resources: Providing sufficient funding, staffing, and resources to local law enforcement agencies can enhance their capacity to enforce new criminal laws effectively.

Overall, a combination of awareness, infrastructure development, community engagement, accountability, and resource allocation can help address the challenges in implementing new criminal laws at the grassroots level.