The Indian constitution divides powers and duties between the union (central government) and states. Here are some key differences between the constitutional provisions of the union and states in the Indian polity:

• The union has exclusive powers over subjects such as defence, foreign affairs, currency, and communications, while the states have exclusive powers over subjects such as public order, health, and local governance.
• The union and states share concurrent powers over subjects such as education, marriage and divorce, and environmental protection.
• The union can make laws on any subject during a national emergency, while in normal circumstances, it can only make laws on subjects assigned to it.
• The states can make laws on any subject not assigned to the union or concurrent list.
• The union can take over the administration of a state if there is constitutional breakdown or failure of constitutional machinery.
• The governor, appointed by the central government, is the head of a state while the President of India is the head of the union.

Overall, the Indian constitution strikes a balance between centralization and decentralization of power, with the union and states having distinct roles and responsibilities in governing the country.