What are the constitutional provisions and safeguards for the protection of fundamental rights in India
The protection of fundamental rights is a key component of the Indian Constitution. Discuss the constitutional provisions and safeguards in place for the protection of fundamental rights in India.
- The Constitution of India guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens under Part III, Articles 12-35.
- Article 14 ensures equality before the law and equal protection of laws for all individuals within the territory of India.
- Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16 guarantees equal opportunities in public employment and prohibits discrimination in the matter of appointments and promotions.
- Article 17 abolishes untouchability and prohibits its practice in any form.
- Article 19 guarantees various freedoms, such as freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and the right to practice any profession, trade, or occupation.
- Article 21 assures the right to life and personal liberty.
- Article 22 provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
- Article 32 allows citizens to approach the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of their fundamental rights through writs.
- The Constitution also provides for the establishment of independent bodies such as the National Human Rights Commission and State Human Rights Commissions to safeguard and protect human rights.
- In addition to constitutional safeguards, various legislations and judicial decisions further aid in the protection of fundamental rights.
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