The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) faces several challenges in India despite its high burden of the disease. Some of the major challenges include the lack of access to proper diagnoses, poor adherence to treatment regimens, low awareness about the disease among the population, and co-infections with other diseases such as HIV that make TB treatment more complicated. Recent research on TB treatment in India has highlighted some key findings. First, there is a need for improved diagnostic tests that can accurately detect drug-resistant strains of the disease. Second, interventions that address both medical and social issues, such as poverty and stigma, are necessary to improve treatment outcomes. Third, there is a need to invest in community-based care models for TB to improve adherence to treatment and reduce the cost burden of care. Finally, new treatments, including shorter treatment regimens, should be explored to help improve outcomes and reduce the costs of care.