India's foreign policy has undergone significant transformations since gaining independence in 1947. The following points highlight the evolution of India's foreign policy: 1. Non-Alignment: India's foreign policy during the Cold War era was based on non-alignment. It aimed to maintain neutrality and not align with any power bloc. India played a crucial role in the Non-Aligned Movement. 2. Focus on Decolonization: India actively supported decolonization movements globally and provided assistance to newly independent nations in Africa and Asia. 3. Relations with Major Powers: Initially, India had close ties with the Soviet Union, which provided military and economic assistance. However, since the 1990s, India has pursued a more balanced approach by developing relations with the United States, Europe, and other major powers. 4. Nuclear Policy: India rejected the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but conducted nuclear tests in 1974 and 1998. It advocated for global disarmament and worked towards establishing nuclear stability. 5. Regional Focus: India has sought to strengthen its relationships within South Asia, particularly with neighbors like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. The aim has been to promote regional stability and economic integration. 6. Economic Diplomacy: Over the years, India has shifted to a more economically focused foreign policy, seeking foreign investment, technology transfer, and market access. This has resulted in the signing of various free trade agreements and bilateral trade pacts. 7. Climate Change and Multilateralism: India has emerged as a key player in climate change negotiations, often voicing the concerns of developing nations. It has also actively participated in various multilateral forums like the United Nations and BRICS. Overall, India's foreign policy has evolved to reflect its growing role on the global stage, moving from non-alignment to a more pragmatic and inclusive approach, while also focusing on regional stability, economic diplomacy, and addressing global challenges.