How does the Indian polity ensure the protection of fundamental rights

The Indian polity ensures the protection of fundamental rights through various mechanisms and institutions. These include: 1. Constitution of India: The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights under Part III. It explicitly states the fundamental rights of citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and right to life. 2. Judicial Review: The Supreme Court of India acts as the guardian of fundamental rights. It has the power to strike down any law or government action that violates the fundamental rights of citizens. 3. Writs: Citizens can seek remedies through writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto. These writs ensure the protection of fundamental rights against arbitrary actions of the government. 4. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): NHRC investigates complaints of human rights violations and takes appropriate action to protect citizens' fundamental rights. 5. State Human Rights Commissions (SHRC): These bodies operate at the state level and work parallel to the NHRC to safeguard fundamental rights. Moreover, the Election Commission ensures citizens' political rights by conducting free and fair elections, while the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) facilitates the enforcement of fundamental rights. These mechanisms and institutions collectively play a crucial role in safeguarding and protecting the fundamental rights of Indian citizens.