The Indian Constitution recognizes the importance of social and economic equality and has provisions to ensure it. Here are some of the key provisions and policies adopted by the Indian government to promote social and economic equality:

• The Fundamental Rights, which guarantee equality before the law and prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• The Directive Principles of State Policy, which direct the state to ensure social, economic, and political justice for all citizens and take affirmative action to promote the welfare of weaker sections of society.
• The reservation system adopted in education, employment, and politics for disadvantaged sections of the society such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• The Right to Education Act, which seeks to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6 to 14.
• The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, which guarantees 100 days of employment per year to each rural household to help reduce poverty and increase rural incomes.
• Policies like the Jan Dhan Yojana, which provides access to banking and financial services to all and the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which provides loans to small businesses, are also aimed at promoting economic equality among the citizens.

These provisions and policies have been instrumental in improving the social and economic status of the marginalized and weaker sections of society in India.