How does the concept of federalism manifest in the Indian polity?
Explain the distribution of powers between the central and state governments.
- Division of powers: The Indian Constitution clearly outlines the powers that are exclusively held by the central government, state governments, and powers shared between the two.
- Union List: The central government has exclusive authority over subjects listed in the Union List such as defense, foreign affairs, currency, and banking.
- State List: State governments have authority over subjects in the State List including police, public health, agriculture, and local government.
- Concurrent List: Both central and state governments can make laws on subjects in the Concurrent List like criminal law, marriage, bankruptcy, and education.
- Residuary Powers: Any matter not mentioned in the lists falls under the residuary powers of the central government.
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