India took the first step to remove animals from the drug-testing process through the following initiatives: 1. Legislation: In 2014, India revised its drug testing regulations to endorse alternative methods and reduce animal testing. The Drugs and Cosmetics (Second Amendment) Rules, 2014, specified the acceptance of non-animal methods for testing certain categories of drugs. 2. Collaboration with Humane Society International (HSI): The Indian government partnered with HSI to support the transition towards non-animal testing. HSI provides technical expertise, training, and resources to regulatory agencies and laboratories to adopt alternative methods. 3. Training workshops: The Indian Pharmacopeia Commission (IPC), in collaboration with HSI, hosts training workshops to educate scientists and regulators about non-animal testing methods. These workshops aim to build capacity and raise awareness about the benefits of alternatives. 4. Human-based methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research and other research institutions are actively researching and developing human-based methods, such as in vitro testing, organ-on-chip technology, and computational modeling, to replace animal testing. 5. International collaborations: India has joined global initiatives, such as the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), which promotes the use of alternative approaches. By implementing these measures, India aims to reduce dependency on animal testing and contribute to the ethical and scientific advancement of drug testing methods.