Why is it important for the Election Commission’s powers to be clearly defined when it comes to deciding issues like citizenship during elections?

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body responsible for conducting free and fair elections. However, its powers must be clearly defined, especially regarding sensitive issues like citizenship, to maintain a balance between its authority and the jurisdiction of other constitutional bodies and fundamental rights.

• Prevents Overreach of Authority: Clearly defined powers ensure that the ECI does not exceed its mandate and interfere in matters that fall under the purview of other authorities such as the judiciary or executive.
• Protects Constitutional Rights: Citizenship is closely linked to fundamental rights like voting and equal protection under law. If the ECI has unchecked authority to decide on citizenship, it could potentially infringe upon these rights.
• Maintains Institutional Balance: Issues of citizenship are often complex and may require judicial interpretation or executive action. Limiting the ECI’s role prevents conflict and overlap with other constitutional institutions like the courts and the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• Ensures Due Process: Deciding questions of citizenship often involves legal procedures and evidence. Other bodies, such as courts, are better equipped to handle these processes, ensuring fairness and adherence to due process.
• Prevents Political Misuse: If the ECI has unchecked powers in determining citizenship, there is a risk of misuse for political advantage during elections, which could undermine the democratic process.
• Upholds Public Trust: Clearly defined roles for the ECI help maintain public confidence in the impartiality and integrity of the electoral process.