After independence, the Indian government launched several land reform initiatives aimed at restoring the rights of landless farmers and boosting agricultural productivity. Some of the significant land reforms undertaken include:

• The Abolition of Zamindari System: The policy aimed to abolish the feudal system of revenue collection, whereby the zamindars or landlords extracted rent and tribute from tenants. This resulted in the transfer of land ownership from the zamindars to the tenants, thus empowering the farmers.
• Land Ceiling Laws: The government set a limit on landholdings to prevent concentration of land in a few hands. This was done to redistribute surplus land to the landless and small farmers, which stimulated agricultural growth and reduced poverty.
• Impact on Agrarian Economy: Land reforms resulted in increased agricultural productivity, as small farmers were better able to utilize land for cultivation. Besides, the reduction in intermediaries' power decreased inequality and helped to stabilize prices for consumers.
• Impact on Social Structure: Land reforms aimed at giving tenant farmers ownership rights of the land they farmed contributed to a reduction in the caste-based hierarchy prevalent in Indian society. It also contributed to empowering women, landless laborers, and marginalized communities.

Overall, the land reforms initiated after independence empowered farmers, prevented concentration of wealth in a few hands, and stimulated agricultural productivity, thereby contributing to India's economic and social development.