Factors causing the derailment of trains in India: 1. Poor maintenance: Insufficient maintenance of tracks, signaling systems, and rolling stock has led to accidents. 2. Overcrowding: The large passenger volume often leads to overcrowded trains, putting stress on the infrastructure and increasing the risk of derailment. 3. Human error: Negligence in operation, including failures in following safety protocols and signaling rules, has been a contributing factor to accidents. Measures taken to improve rail safety: 1. Modernization of infrastructure: Indian Railways has undertaken extensive track renewal programs, replacing old tracks with new ones, enhancing safety and reducing derailments. 2. Introduction of advanced technology: The implementation of train collision avoidance systems (TCAS), automatic signaling systems, and improved communication systems has increased safety. 3. Training and awareness: Regular training programs are conducted for railway staff to enhance their knowledge and adherence to safety measures. 4. Surveillance and inspection: Increased surveillance through CCTV cameras, regular inspections, and maintenance checks have been implemented to identify potential risks and take preventive actions. 5. Safety campaigns: Public awareness campaigns emphasizing the importance of safety and creating passenger awareness have been launched to promote responsible behavior during train journeys. These efforts are aimed at ensuring the safety of passengers and enhancing the overall reliability and efficiency of Indian Railways.