The significance of IIT Kharagpur's tamper-proof signalling system for railways can be explained as follows: 1. Enhanced Safety: The tamper-proof signalling system aims to increase safety by preventing unauthorized interference and tampering with the railway signaling infrastructure. This ensures that train movements are controlled accurately and reliably, reducing the risk of accidents. 2. Prevents Signal Manipulation: The system prevents signal manipulation by ensuring that signals are generated and transmitted securely. This helps in preventing unauthorized changes to signal aspects, which may otherwise lead to confusion and accidents. 3. Reliable Train Operations: By ensuring the integrity of signals, the system increases the reliability of train operations. It reduces the chances of signal failures or incorrect information being displayed, enabling smooth and efficient rail transportation. 4. Improved Capacity and Efficiency: The tamper-proof signalling system can enable advanced features like train automation, better train control, and increased capacity utilization. These benefits can result in improved efficiency in scheduling, reducing delays, and enhancing overall railway performance. 5. Cost-Effective Solution: Implementing a tamper-proof signalling system can potentially be a cost-effective solution in the long run. By reducing accidents, enhancing efficiency, and maintaining signal integrity, the system can help save costs associated with accidents, delays, and other operational inefficiencies.