Malaria is a disease caused by the transmission of Plasmodium parasites through the bites of infected mosquitoes. While several factors contribute to the spread of malaria, climatic conditions play a significant role. Here are some ways that climatic changes affect the spread of malaria:

• Temperature: Malaria transmission is highest in warm and humid climates. Higher temperatures can increase the reproduction rates of mosquitoes and reduce the time it takes for the parasites to develop in mosquitoes, leading to an increase in malaria transmission.
• Rainfall: Malaria transmission is also influenced by rainfall. Heavy rainfall can lead to flooding, creating stagnant water pools that serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Excessive rainfall can also cause mosquito breeding habitats to be washed away, reducing the mosquito population, and thus reducing malaria transmission.
• Climate variability: Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns affect the seasonal occurrence and intensity of malaria transmission. Changes in the timing or amount of rainfall have been associated with changes in the geographic distribution of mosquitos, affecting the malaria risk in some regions.
• Migration: Climatic changes have the potential to drive migratory movements of people and animals. Human migration within or across countries can expose populations to different transmission potentials of malaria depending on local climatic conditions.
• Urbanization: The changes in temperature and rainfall in urban areas due to climate change can alter the habitats of mosquitoes and increase their presence in urban areas.

Overall, the complex interaction between climate, mosquitos, parasite and human behavior are the key drivers of malaria distribution and transmission in a given place.