The concept of self-reliance in Indian space exploration refers to India's determination to develop indigenous technology, infrastructure, and capabilities in the field of space research and exploration. It aims to reduce dependency on foreign technology and establish India as a global leader in space science.

• Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, advocated for self-reliance in space exploration.
• Under Nehru's leadership, India established the first government institution for space research, the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), in 1962.
• In 1969, INCOSPAR was transformed into the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) under the vision of self-reliance.
• ISRO focused on developing indigenous satellites, launch vehicles, and ground infrastructure to carry out space missions.
• Self-reliance allowed India to prioritize its own scientific objectives, develop tailored technology, and expand its space program at its own pace.
• Today, India has successfully launched numerous satellites and has achieved several space exploration milestones, including the Mars Orbiter Mission and the Chandrayaan lunar missions.
• Nehru's vision of self-reliance continues to guide India's space exploration efforts, promoting scientific advancement, technological innovation, and national pride.

Overall, Nehru's emphasis on self-reliance has played a crucial role in establishing India as a significant player in the global space industry.