What challenges could arise in implementing Kavach 4.0 across 15,000 km of high-density rail routes?

The government plans to expand Kavach 4.0, a safety system, to a large portion of the railway network. What practical, technological, and administrative hurdles might be faced in such a large-scale rollout?
Kavach 4.0 is an advanced train collision avoidance system developed to enhance safety on Indian railways. The government’s plan to implement it across 15,000 km of high-density routes is ambitious, but several challenges may arise during this large-scale rollout.
  • Technical Integration:
    • Compatibility issues with existing signalling and telecommunication infrastructure.
    • Need for retrofitting older locomotives and coaches with Kavach equipment.
    • Ensuring seamless functioning across different zones with varying technical standards.
  • Financial Constraints:
    • High initial investment required for hardware, software, and installation.
    • Ongoing costs for maintenance, upgradation, and training.
  • Human Resource and Training:
    • Large-scale training of loco pilots, station staff, and maintenance teams.
    • Resistance to change and adaptation among existing workforce.
  • Logistical and Operational Issues:
    • Coordinating installation without disrupting regular train operations.
    • Managing supply chains for timely delivery of Kavach components across a vast network.
  • Administrative and Policy Hurdles:
    • Inter-departmental coordination between various railway divisions and zones.
    • Delays in tendering, procurement, and approval processes.
  • Technological Upgradation:
    • Continuous upgradation required to keep pace with emerging cyber threats and new technologies.
    • Ensuring data security and system resilience against hacking or malfunction.
  • Geographical Challenges:
    • Difficult terrain in certain regions making installation and maintenance harder.
    • Varying climatic conditions affecting the reliability of electronic components.
Answered a week ago
Rohit Aspirants