What are the potential environmental and social challenges of constructing the Dulhasti hydel power project on the Chenab River?

The Dulhasti hydel power project on the Chenab River is a major infrastructure initiative aimed at generating renewable energy. However, such large-scale hydropower projects often bring several environmental and social challenges that need careful consideration to ensure sustainable development.

Environmental Challenges:
• Alteration of River Ecosystem: Dam construction can disrupt the natural flow of the river, affecting aquatic life and reducing biodiversity.
• Loss of Forest and Wildlife Habitat: Submergence of land for reservoirs leads to loss of forests and wildlife habitats, impacting local flora and fauna.
• Siltation and Sedimentation: Reduced sediment flow downstream can affect soil fertility and river morphology, and increase the risk of reservoir siltation.
• Water Quality Issues: Stagnant water in reservoirs can lead to reduced oxygen levels, harming aquatic organisms and affecting water quality.
• Impact on Downstream Flow: Altered water release patterns can affect agriculture, fisheries, and drinking water availability downstream.
• Seismic Risks: The Chenab basin is seismically active, and large reservoirs can induce seismic activity, posing risks to the project and nearby settlements.

Social Challenges:
• Displacement of Communities: Creation of reservoirs may require relocation of local populations, leading to loss of homes and livelihoods.
• Loss of Agricultural Land: Submergence and acquisition of land for the project can reduce available agricultural land, impacting food security and income.
• Impact on Cultural Heritage: Inundation may threaten sites of cultural, religious, or historical importance to local communities.
• Livelihood Disruption: Traditional occupations such as fishing and farming may be adversely affected due to changes in river flow and ecosystem.
• Social Conflict: Compensation, rehabilitation, and resettlement issues can lead to social unrest and conflicts among affected communities.
• Health Risks: Stagnant water in reservoirs can become breeding grounds for water-borne diseases, impacting public health.