Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are indigenous communities in India who face extreme poverty, social exclusion, and have marginal access to basic amenities. They are identified by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs based on criteria like their declining population, pre-agricultural level of technology, and their distinctive culture and language. The current status of PVTGs is characterized by low literacy rates, inadequate healthcare, high maternal and child mortality rates, malnutrition, and limited access to quality education and employment opportunities. Many PVTGs also face challenges in preserving their culture and livelihoods. To improve their Human Development Index (HDI), the government of India has undertaken several initiatives, including:

• Setting up dedicated schemes and programs like the Tribal Sub-Plan and Special Central Assistance for Tribal Sub-Scheme to allocate resources specifically for the development of PVTGs.
• Providing financial assistance for housing, healthcare, education, and livelihood promotion through programs such as Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, National Health Mission, and Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana.
• Expanding access to quality education through initiatives like Eklavya Model Residential Schools and scholarships for tribal students.
• Enhancing healthcare facilities by establishing specialized hospitals and providing mobile medical units in tribal areas.
• Promoting community-led initiatives for sustainable livelihoods, cultural preservation, and empowerment.

These steps aim to uplift PVTGs and improve their overall well-being by addressing their specific needs and bridging the gaps in human development indicators.