There are several challenges faced by Indian airlines for their expansion, including:

• High operational costs: Indian airlines face high operational costs, including those for fuel, maintenance, and airport charges, which can make expansions expensive and difficult to sustain.
• Infrastructure limitations: Indian airports are often congested and lack the necessary facilities to support expanding airlines. This makes it challenging for airlines to expand their operations, particularly in smaller cities across India.
• Regulatory hurdles: Indian aviation regulations are complex and can pose serious regulatory challenges to airlines that are seeking to expand their operations or enter new sectors of the industry.
• Competition from low-cost carriers: India's aviation market is highly competitive, and new entrants face significant competition from established low-cost carriers, which can pose a challenge to expansion plans.
• Political instability: Changes in government policies and regulation can impact the aviation industry, causing uncertainty for airlines and impacting their expansion plans.

Despite these challenges, many Indian airlines have successfully expanded their operations and increased their market share in recent years through innovative strategies and a focus on high-quality customer service.