The major challenges faced by India in implementing disaster management policies effectively are as follows:

• Lack of awareness and preparedness among the general public regarding disaster management.
• Inadequate funding and resources allocated towards disaster management at the national and state levels.
• Inefficient coordination between various stakeholders involved in disaster management.
• Lack of standardization in disaster management policies across states, leading to varying levels of preparedness.
• Rapid urbanization and encroachment in disaster-prone areas, increasing vulnerability.

Preventive measures play a crucial role in reducing the impact of disasters. They include:

• Enhancing early warning systems to improve forecasting accuracy.
• Implementing land-use planning and zoning regulations to prevent construction in high-risk areas.
• Improving infrastructure resilience to withstand natural disasters.
• Investing in education and awareness campaigns to promote disaster preparedness among citizens.
• Building capacity and training of first responders and emergency service personnel.

Implementing these measures can help India enhance its disaster management strategies and mitigate the impact of natural disasters.