What are the key factors contributing to the deteriorating air quality in Indian cities

The deteriorating air quality in Indian cities can be attributed to several key factors. 1. Industrial emissions: The rapid industrialization and growth of manufacturing sectors, particularly in heavily-populated cities, contribute significantly to air pollution. Uncontrolled release of toxic gases, particulate matter, and chemicals from factories and power plants worsens air quality. 2. Vehicle emissions: The increasing number of vehicles on Indian roads, particularly older and poorly maintained ones, release significant amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. 3. Construction activities: Rapid urbanization and construction projects result in increased dust and particulate matter in the air. Dumping of construction waste and debris adds to the pollution burden. 4. Crop burning: Agricultural practices, particularly stubble burning in north India, release large amounts of smoke, ash, and hazardous pollutants, which contribute significantly to air pollution during certain seasons. 5. Poor waste management: Improper disposal and burning of waste release harmful pollutants into the air, particularly in urban areas where waste generation is high. 6. Biomass burning: The use of biomass, such as wood and charcoal, for cooking, heating, and lighting in households, especially in rural areas, leads to indoor and outdoor pollution. 7. Geography and weather: Certain geographical factors, such as surrounding mountains and high humidity, can trap pollutants and prevent their dispersion. Poor weather conditions, such as low wind speeds and temperature inversions, worsen air quality by trapping pollutants closer to the ground. Addressing and mitigating these factors through stricter industrial regulations, promoting cleaner vehicles, implementing proper waste management systems, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices is crucial to improving air quality in Indian cities.