The key components of India's healthcare system include:

• Public health infrastructure comprised of primary health centers, district hospitals, and tertiary care hospitals.
• A national health insurance program aimed at providing financial protection to the poor and vulnerable.
• Various government schemes offering free services, such as maternal and child healthcare services and diagnostic tests.
• A thriving private healthcare sector offering advanced medical care.

Despite significant improvements, India's healthcare system still faces challenges in catering to the needs of its vast population. Some of the major challenges include inadequate healthcare funding, inadequate human resources, and poor health awareness. The effectiveness of the healthcare system varies across regions, with rural areas often having limited access to quality medical care. However, the system has significant potential, and steps are being taken to address the challenges and improve access to healthcare for all Indians.