The changing nature of India's relations with China can be attributed to several factors: 1. Border Disputes: The unresolved boundary issue and periodic military standoffs have strained bilateral relations and made trust-building difficult. 2. Economic Competition: Both countries are emerging economic powers, resulting in competition for markets and resources, which can lead to tensions and trade imbalances. 3. Geopolitics: China's growing influence in India's neighborhood, especially through its Belt and Road Initiative, has raised concerns about strategic encirclement and territorial claims. 4. Security Concerns: India's deepening ties with the United States and China's close partnership with Pakistan have further complicated the bilateral relationship. 5. Regional Rivalry: Indian and Chinese interests often clash in the multilateral forums like BRICS and SCO, hindering mutual cooperation. 6. Global Power Ambitions: As both nations aspire for global leadership, their differing approaches and priorities hinder collaboration on international platforms. 7. Cultural Differences: The countries' differing political systems, historical baggage, and cultural perceptions further add complexity to their relationship. 8. Changing International Dynamics: The evolving balance of power and increased assertiveness of both countries influence their approach to one another. Overall, these factors collectively contribute to the dynamic and often volatile nature of India's relations with China.