In what ways does rapid urbanization contribute to rising temperatures in Indian cities?

Rapid urbanization in Indian cities leads to significant changes in land use and the local environment. As cities expand, natural landscapes are replaced with buildings, roads, and other infrastructure, which directly affects local temperatures. This phenomenon is often referred to as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect.

• Loss of Vegetation: Urban growth often involves clearing trees and green spaces. Plants and trees help cool the air through shade and the process of transpiration. Their removal reduces natural cooling.
• Increase in Built-up Areas: Concrete, asphalt, and other construction materials absorb and retain more heat compared to natural surfaces. These materials release heat slowly, keeping city areas warmer, especially at night.
• Reduction in Water Bodies: Urban development often leads to the filling or shrinking of lakes, ponds, and wetlands. Water bodies have a cooling effect on their surroundings, and their loss contributes to higher temperatures.
• Waste Heat from Human Activities: Vehicles, air conditioners, industries, and other urban activities release additional heat into the environment, further raising local temperatures.
• Dense Urban Layout: Closely packed buildings and narrow streets can trap heat, reduce air circulation, and prevent heat from dissipating, intensifying the UHI effect.

Mitigation Measures:

• Increasing Urban Greenery: Planting more trees, developing parks, and creating green roofs can help lower temperatures.
• Promoting Water Conservation: Protecting and restoring urban water bodies can provide cooling effects.
• Adopting Cool Roofs and Pavements: Using reflective or light-colored materials for roofs and roads can reduce heat absorption.
• Urban Planning: Designing cities with open spaces, better ventilation, and mixed land use can help mitigate heat buildup.