The Indian polity has witnessed significant evolution since gaining independence in 1947. Here is a brief point-wise analysis of its evolution and present state:

• Adoption of the Constitution: In 1950, India adopted a democratic and sovereign Constitution, establishing a parliamentary system with a President as the head of state.
• Expansion of Democracy: Over time, the Indian political system has expanded to become the world's largest democracy, with regular elections and the right to vote for all adult citizens.
• Emergence of Political Parties: Multiple political parties have emerged, reflecting diverse ideologies and representing various sections of society.
• Decentralization: The government decentralized power through the Panchayati Raj system, granting local self-governance and fostering grassroots democracy.
• Strengthening Federalism: India has moved towards cooperative federalism, with power-sharing between the central and state governments to foster a balanced union.
• Reservation Policies: The implementation of reservation policies aimed to provide affirmative action for marginalized communities to ensure social justice and inclusivity.
• Technological Advancements: The digital revolution has influenced the political landscape, with the advent of social media platforms and the usage of technology in electoral processes.

Overall, the present state of the Indian political system is dynamic, with a robust parliamentary democracy that faces challenges like corruption, regionalism, and the need for continued inclusive development. Efforts are being made to strengthen institutions, improve governance, and ensure citizen participation in decision-making processes.