How has India’s approach to lion conservation become a model for other countries?

India’s approach to lion conservation, especially in the case of the Asiatic Lion in Gir Forest, Gujarat, is considered a global success story. From the brink of extinction in the early 20th century, the lion population has steadily increased due to dedicated efforts by government, communities, and conservationists. This model offers valuable lessons for wildlife conservation worldwide.

• Strict Protection and Legal Framework: The Asiatic Lion is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which ensures the highest degree of legal protection against hunting and poaching.
• Habitat Management: Continuous efforts have been made to improve and expand the Gir Forest habitat. Water sources have been developed, and grasslands managed to support prey populations, which is crucial for the lions’ survival.
• Community Involvement: Local communities, especially the Maldhari pastoralists, have been engaged through awareness programs and compensation schemes for livestock loss. This has reduced human-lion conflict and fostered coexistence.
• Scientific Monitoring: Regular population censuses, radio-collaring, and use of technology like camera traps help in tracking lion movements, health, and numbers, allowing for timely intervention if needed.
• Translocation and Genetic Diversity: Plans for establishing a second lion population in Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh, aim to reduce the risk of disease or disaster wiping out the entire species, showcasing the importance of genetic diversity in conservation.
• Anti-Poaching Measures: Special forest protection forces and anti-poaching squads have been set up, along with intelligence networks to curb illegal activities.
• Eco-Tourism and Awareness: Promoting responsible tourism has generated funds for conservation and increased public awareness about the importance of protecting lions and their habitat.

These strategies—focused legal protection, habitat management, community participation, scientific monitoring, and disaster planning—have made India’s lion conservation efforts a replicable model for other countries facing similar wildlife challenges.