How does the use of polluting cooking fuels affect cognitive health, and what policy measures can address this issue?

Polluting cooking fuels like firewood, dung, and coal are widely used in many Indian households, especially in rural areas. Recent studies, including one from Karnataka, have found a strong link between exposure to smoke from these fuels and cognitive impairment, affecting memory, attention, and other mental functions.

How Polluting Cooking Fuels Affect Cognitive Health:
• Burning solid fuels releases harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM2.5), and volatile organic compounds.
• Long-term exposure to these pollutants can reduce oxygen supply to the brain, leading to inflammation and damage to brain cells.
• Women and children, who spend more time near the kitchen, are at higher risk of developing cognitive problems like memory loss and decreased learning ability.
• Studies have shown that exposure to indoor air pollution can increase the risk of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Policy Measures to Address the Issue:
• Promotion of Clean Cooking Fuels: Schemes like Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) provide subsidized LPG connections to poor households, encouraging a shift towards cleaner fuels.
• Awareness Campaigns: Government and NGOs can run awareness programs about the health risks of traditional fuels and the benefits of clean cooking methods.
• Subsidies and Financial Support: Increasing subsidies for LPG refills or providing financial incentives for adopting biogas, solar cookers, and improved cookstoves.
• Infrastructure Development: Expanding LPG distribution networks in rural and remote areas to ensure accessibility and regular supply.
• Monitoring and Research: Regular monitoring of indoor air quality and supporting research on the health impacts of cooking fuels can help in policy formulation.
• Integration with Health and Nutrition Programs: Linking clean fuel initiatives with health and nutrition schemes to maximize outreach and impact.