The provision of piped potable water in India has had several benefits for public health. Here are a few points highlighting these benefits:

• Improved Hygiene: Access to clean piped water has led to improved hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, which helps reduce the transmission of diseases.
• Prevention of Waterborne Diseases: Piped water undergoes treatment processes, reducing the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause diseases like cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea.
• Reduced Contamination: Piped water is less likely to be contaminated by pollutants, such as industrial waste or agricultural runoff, which can potentially cause long-term health problems.
• Healthier Living Conditions: With access to clean water at homes and communities, people can maintain a clean living environment, reducing the risk of diseases caused by poor sanitation.

On the other hand, the impact of untreated water on people's health in India can be detrimental. Here are a few points highlighting these impacts:

• Waterborne Diseases: Drinking untreated water can lead to various waterborne diseases, including dysentery, typhoid, viral hepatitis, and cholera.
• Malnutrition: Contaminated water can lead to nutrient loss and impaired absorption, contributing to malnutrition, especially in children.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Consumption of untreated water can cause frequent bouts of diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps, leading to dehydration and nutritional deficiencies.
• Parasitic Infections: Untreated water may contain parasites like giardia and cryptosporidium, which can cause chronic gastrointestinal infections.

In summary, the provision of piped potable water has significantly improved public health in India by reducing the incidence of waterborne diseases and promoting better hygiene practices. Conversely, untreated water poses serious health risks, including the spread of diseases and malnutrition.