How can the judiciary ensure a balance between interpreting the Constitution and maintaining its workability?

The judiciary plays a crucial role in interpreting the Constitution, ensuring that its provisions are applied in a manner that upholds its core values while remaining practical for governance. Striking a balance between a rigid interpretation and adaptability is essential to maintain the Constitution’s relevance and workability in changing times.

• Doctrine of Basic Structure: The Supreme Court of India uses the basic structure doctrine to ensure that Parliament cannot alter the fundamental features of the Constitution, preserving its spirit while allowing for necessary amendments.
• Principle of Judicial Restraint: Courts often exercise restraint, avoiding interference in policy matters unless there is a clear violation of constitutional provisions, thus respecting the separation of powers and ensuring smooth governance.
• Purposive Interpretation: Judges interpret constitutional provisions with regard to their purpose and intent, rather than sticking strictly to the literal meaning, which helps adapt the Constitution to contemporary needs.
• Doctrine of Harmonious Construction: When different constitutional provisions appear to conflict, the judiciary interprets them in a way that gives effect to all, maintaining the overall coherence and workability of the Constitution.
• Precedent and Consistency: The judiciary follows established precedents to ensure consistency and predictability in constitutional interpretation, which aids in the stable functioning of the legal system.
• Living Document Approach: Recognizing the Constitution as a living document, courts allow for dynamic interpretation so that it evolves with societal changes, ensuring its continued relevance and effectiveness.
• Balancing Rights and Public Interest: While protecting fundamental rights, the judiciary also considers the larger public interest, ensuring that constitutional interpretation does not hinder governance or public welfare.