India can take several measures to ensure adherence to the 2016 ruling favoring the Philippines in the South China Sea dispute. Here are a few: 1. Strengthen alliances: India can strengthen its alliances with other Southeast Asian nations that also support the ruling, such as Vietnam and the Philippines. By working together, they can exert collective pressure on China to comply. 2. Diplomatic efforts: India can engage in diplomatic efforts and dialogue with China, emphasizing the importance of respecting international law and the ruling. This includes raising the issue at international forums like the United Nations and seeking support from other countries. 3. Multi-lateral initiatives: India can promote multi-lateral initiatives that focus on maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea. By participating in regional mechanisms like the ASEAN Regional Forum, India can contribute to the resolution of the dispute. 4. Naval presence: India can increase its naval presence in the region, conducting joint patrols and exercises with other countries. This can act as a deterrent to any potential escalations by China and send a signal of solidarity with nations adhering to the ruling. 5. Economic measures: India can explore economic measures, such as trade restrictions or imposing sanctions, to put pressure on China to comply with the ruling. This can include collaborations with like-minded nations to minimize economic dependencies on China. It is important for India to balance its actions with diplomatic engagement, as it has its own interests in the region and would not want to escalate tensions unnecessarily.