Women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have played a crucial role in promoting and improving sanitation services in Indian cities. Here are some points that highlight their contributions: 1. Awareness and education: Women SHGs conduct awareness campaigns to promote hygiene and sanitation practices, thereby ensuring behavioral change within communities. 2. Construction and maintenance: SHGs engage in the construction and maintenance of toilets, promoting the concept of individual household toilets and community toilets. 3. Financial support: SHGs provide microfinance services to facilitate access to credit, enabling households to invest in sanitation infrastructure and facilities. 4. Entrepreneurship and employment: Women SHGs promote entrepreneurship by training and employing local women as sanitation workers, contributing to both economic empowerment and improved sanitation services. 5. Monitoring and evaluation: SHGs help in monitoring the usage and maintenance of sanitation facilities, ensuring their sustainability and effectiveness. 6. Advocacy and policy influence: Women SHGs actively advocate for policies and measures that prioritize sanitation services, leading to increased government and institutional support. Overall, Women SHGs have emerged as catalysts for change, promoting sanitation practices, fostering sustainable behavior change, and improving overall sanitation services in Indian cities.