Major reforms in the Indian healthcare system include:

• National Health Policy: Introduction of the National Health Policy 2017 aimed at achieving affordable and quality healthcare for all.
• Ayushman Bharat Scheme: Launch of Ayushman Bharat, a national health protection scheme, providing health insurance coverage to vulnerable populations.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Encouraging private sector involvement in healthcare delivery to bridge the gap between supply and demand.
• Digital Health Initiatives: Promotion of digital health infrastructure for efficient health service delivery and enhanced access to healthcare.
• Medical Education Reforms: Focus on improving medical education system, infrastructure, and faculty to meet the growing healthcare demands.

Challenges in the Indian healthcare system include:

• Insufficient Healthcare Infrastructure: Inadequate healthcare facilities and infrastructure, especially in rural areas, leading to limited access to quality healthcare.
• Healthcare Financing: Limited health insurance coverage, low public spending on healthcare, and out-of-pocket expenditures that hinder affordability of healthcare.
• Shortage of Skilled Healthcare Professionals: Insufficient doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff, leading to a burdened healthcare system and compromised quality of care.
• Regional Disparities: Uneven distribution of healthcare services, with a concentration of resources and facilities in urban areas, exacerbating the rural-urban divide in healthcare access.
• Disease Burden and Non-Communicable Diseases: Rising burden of communicable diseases as well as an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, putting strain on the healthcare system.